Peoples
Peoples of the World
Explore the rich diversity of ethnic identities, national communities, ancient populations, and diaspora groups.
Ancient Populations
Prehistoric and ancient groups identified through archaeology, genetics, and historical records.
Ethnicities
Modern and historical ethnic identities and their formation.
National Identities
How national identities formed—distinct from but related to ethnic identities.
Diasporas
Dispersed communities and their connections to homelands.
Archaeological Cultures
Material culture assemblages—not equivalent to single ethnic or genetic populations.
Note: Peopling Earth treats ethnic, national, linguistic, and genetic identities as distinct categories that overlap in complex ways. See our methodology for how we approach these distinctions.